H1116. bamah

בָּמָה‎₁₀₄ noun feminine high place (√ apparently בום‎ on account of firm ָ֯‎; compare Assyrian bâmâtê Zim^{BP 48, Moab.} במת‎ MI^{3, 27}) — Jeremiah 48:35 18t.; הַבָּמָ֫תָה‎ 1 Samuel 9:13; plural בָּמוֺת‎ Numbers 21:19 62t.; construct בָּֽמֳתֵי‎ Job 9:8; Isaiah 14:14; Amos 4:13; בָּֽמֳו֯תֵי‎ Deuteronomy 32:13; Isaiah 58:14; Micah 1:3 (Ew^{§ 211 d} Ges^{§ 87}, 5 archaic feminine construct with retracted accent before monosyl. in poetry, bâm©-thê not b©m); suffix בָּמֹתַי‎ 2 Samuel 22:34 3t.; בָּמוֺתַי‎ Psalm 18:34 10t.; —

1 high place, mountain: יָעַר בָּמוֺת‎ forest mountains Micah 3:12 = Jeremiah 26:18; עולם במות‎ ancient mountains Ezekiel 36:2; ארנן במות‎ Numbers 21:28 (E poetry)

2 high places, battle-fields, the chief places of the land giving possession, victory, dominion: במותיך על‎ on thy high places (Gilboa, the battle-field) 2 Samuel 1:19, 25 (in 1:19 ᵐ5‎ has a doublet מֵתֶיךָ‎ thy dead, see We Dr).

a. of Israel: ארץ במתי על רכב‎ ride upon the high places of the land Deuteronomy 32:13 & Isaiah 58:14 compare Deuteronomy 33:29; Psalm 18:34 = 2 Samuel 22:34; Habakkuk 3:19.

b. of God: ארץ במתי על דרך‎ tread upon the high places of the earth Amos 4:13 compare Micah 1:3; ים במתי‎ Job 9:8; עב במתי על עלה‎ (aspiration of the king of Babylon) Isaiah 14:14.

3 high places, as places of worship, at first on hills and mountains, later on artificial mounds or platforms, under green trees, and in cities; still later for the chapels erected thereon, and once apparently for a portable sanctuary (decked with diverse colours) Ezekiel 16:16. The ancient worship of Israel was conducted on these high places. In the times of Samuel and David they ascended to them, descended from them, and offered sacrifices on them, 1 Samuel 9:12-25; 10:5, 13 (הבמה‎ for הביתה‎ We Dr). The custom continued in the reign of Solomon, but Gibeon was הגדולה הבמה‎ 1 Kings 3:2-4 compare 1 Chronicles 16:39; 21:29; 2 Chronicles 1:3, 13. High places of Baal were also used Numbers 22:41 (E) Jeremiah 19:5; 32:35; of Moab Isaiah 15:2; 16:12; Jeremiah 48:35 (compare MI²⁷); these must be demolished Numbers 33:52 (J). Solomon built במות‎ (platforms or chapels) to Chemosh and Milkom on the Mt. of Evil Counsel opposite Jerusalem 1 Kings 11:7: Jeroboam made temples on the ancient high places of Dan and Bethel 12:31-32, 2 Chronicles 11:15; they are called און במות‎ Hosea 10:8, ישׂחק במות‎ Amos 7:9: the kings of Israel built במות‎ and הבמות בתי‎ in all their cities 2 Kings 17:9, and the people worshipped there 17:11; these were also used by the mixed population after the exile of Israel 17:29, 32 (twice in verse): these various idolatrous high places were first destroyed by Josiah 1 Kings 13:2; 13:32; 1 Kings 13:38; 2 Kings 23:5-20 2 Chronicles 34:3. The worship of Yahweh on high places continued in Judah until the exile 1 Kings 22:44; 2 Kings 15:35; the sanctity code predicts that Yahweh will destroy them Leviticus 26:30; they were regarded as the reason for the rejection of Shiloh Psalm 78:58. The compiler of Kings, writing from the point of view of the Deuteronomic code, complains סָרוּ לֹא הַבָּמוֺת רַק‎ 2 Kings 12:4; 14:4; 15:4, 35 compare 2 Chronicles 15:17; 20:33, and praises the few pious kings who destroyed them.

a. Rehoboam built במות‎ with מצבות‎ & אשׁרים‎ on every high hill and under every green tree 1 Kings 14:23.

b. Asa did not remove the high places 1 Kings 15:14 (2 Chronicles 14:2; 14:4 is incorrect unless בעל במות‎).

c. Jehoshaphat in his reform on the basis of the covenant code did not remove them 1 Kings 22:44 (אֶתהַֿבָּמוֺת הֵסִיר עוֺד‎2 Chronicles 17:16 is doubtless incorrect, possibly read מצבות‎); Jehoram, his son, made high places in the cities of Judah 21:11 (ᵑ9 ᵐ5‎; not mountains HCT); and Ahaz sacrificed on high places on the hills and under every green tree and in every city of Judah 2 Kings 16:4; 2 Chronicles 28:4, 25; compare Micah 1:5 (read חטאת‎? so ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎ Che and others; yet compare JBL^{1890, 73 f.})

d. Hezekiah removed them 2 Kings 18:4, 22; 2 Chronicles 31:1; 32:12; Isaiah 36:7; but Manasseh rebuilt them 2 Kings 21:3; 2 Chronicles 33:3, 19, and the people continued to sacrifice thereon to Yahweh 33:17.

e. Josiah, in his reform, based on the Deuteronomic code, defiled them and brake them down from Geba to Beersheba 2 Kings 23:5, 8, 9; but subsequently there were התפת במות‎ in the valley of Ben Hinnom Jeremiah 7:31, and במות‎ throughout Judah 17:3 compare Ezekiel 6:3, 6; 20:29 (questioned by Ew & Co).

4 funereal mound (?) Ezekiel 43:7 (Thes, but in their high places AV RV; in their death ᵑ7‎ Theod Ew Hi RVm), Isaiah 53:9 (Lowth Ew Bö Rodwell Orelli; but in his death AV RV, or martyr death De Che Br).