H6680. tsavah

[צָוָה‎]₄₈₅ verb Pi`el lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order (Ba^{ZMG xii (1887), 641} Gerber^124op. Arabic combine, II. enjoin, IV. charge; injunction, command; Thes compare Syriac , heap up (stones), , stone-heap, Arabic guide-stone, compare Schulth⁵⁷; Gerber makes Hebrew verbdenominative from מִצְוָה‎ but verb is much earlier); — Perfect3masculine singular צִוָּה‎ Genesis 6:22 +; suffix צִוַּנִי‎ Deuteronomy 4:5 +; צִוְּךָ‎ 4:23 +; צִוָּהוּ‎ Genesis 7:5 +, etc.; 1 singular צִוִּיתִי‎ Exodus 29:35 29t., צִוֵּיתִי‎ Leviticus 8:31 4t., etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יְצַוֶּה‎ Genesis 18:19 8t.; יְצַו‎ Deuteronomy 28:8; וַיְצַו‎ Genesis 2:16 +; suffix וִיצַוְּךָ‎ 1 Chronicles 22:12, etc.; 1 Chronicles 1s. וָאֲצִוֶּה‎ Ezra 8:17 Qr (> Kt ואוצאה‎); 3 masculine plural וַיְצַזּוּ‎ Genesis 50:16 +, etc.; Infinitive construct צַֹוּת‎ 2 Samuel 18:5 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular צַוֵּה‎ Joshua 4:16 + 2t.; צַו‎ Leviticus 6:2 9t.; masculine plural צַוּוּ‎ Joshua 1:11; 4:3; Participle מְצַוֶּה‎ Numbers 32:23 +; construct מְצַוֵּה‎ Isaiah 55:4, etc.; feminine מְצַוָּה‎ Genesis 27:8; —

1. a. lay charge upon, with עַל‎ person, Genesis 2:16 (J) 28:6 (P) 1 Kings 2:43; 11:11; Amos 2:12; Jeremiah 35:6 + 6t.; עַל‎ of thing, מֵהַמְטִיר אֲצַוֶּה הֶעָבִים עַל‎ Isaiah 5:6, compare Job 36:32, ׳צ עַלתָֿגָב‎2 Chronicles 7:13.

b. give charge to, command to with לְ‎ person Exodus 1:22 (E) 1 Samuel 20:29; 1 Chronicles 22:17; Isaiah 13:3; Jeremiah 32:23; Psalm 105:8 צ ׳תּוֺרָה משֶׁה לָנוּ‎ Deuteronomy 33:4, compare Nehemiah 9:14; לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ צַו‎ 2 Kings 20:1 give charge to thy household (in preparation for death) = Isaiah 38:1 (compare Late Hebrew, B.Bath.^151b, צַוָּאָה‎ 'verbal will' Id^147a).

c. give charge uno, with אֶל‎ person Exodus 16:34 (P), 1 Kings 11:10; אֶלכֵּֿיתוֺ וַיְצַו‎ 2 Samuel 17:23 (compare

b.).

d. give charge over, appoint, with accusative of person + עַל‎ of thing, Nehemiah 7:2; 1 Chronicles 22:12, ׳צ עַל נָנִיד (לִהְיוֺת)‎ appoint one (to be) ruler over 2 Samuel 6:21; 1 Kings 1:35; with לנגיד‎ 1 Samuel 13:14; 25:30; על שׁפטים‎ 2 Samuel 7:11 = 1 Chronicles 17:10; with infinitive (no על‎), עמי לִרְעוֺת‎ 2 Samuel 7:7 = 1 Chronicles 17:6; לְעֵינֵיהֶם אֹתוֺ וְצִוִּיתָה‎ Numbers 27:19 (P) and thou shalt install him in their sight, compare 27:23 (P).

e. give one charge, command (often עַל‎ concerning), Genesis 12:20 (J), Numbers 8:22 (P), 2 Samuel 14:8; 18:5; Jeremiah 7:22; 39:11; Isaiah 45:12 (AV RV Che Ry^Kau; > Ges Ew Di Du and others as d), 10:6 (al. against), Nahum 1:14 (al. id.); with לְ‎ Numbers 9:8; 32:38 (P), Psalm 91:11; Lamentations 1:17; Esther 3:2; with אֶל‎ Isaiah 23:11; Jeremiah 47:7.

2 charge, command:

a. with accusative of person + thing, often, especially of the law: Deuteronomic phrases are מצוךָ אנכי אשׁר‎ Exodus 34:11 (J), Deuteronomy 4:40; 6:2, 6 18t. Deuteronomy, compare 15:15; אתכם מצוה אנכי אשׁר‎ 4:2 (twice in verse) + 9 t. Deuteronomy; צ ׳אשׁר הַדֶּרֶךְ‎ 13:6; 13:6; Exodus 32:8 (E) Deuteronomy 5:30; 9:12, 16; 11:28; 31:29.

b. with accusative of person + object clause, e.g., Infinitive Genesis 50:2+; ו‎ consecutive Perfect 18:19 (J), Numbers 35:2 (P); ו‎ consecutive Imperfect 2 Samuel 4:12; 1 Kings 2:46; weak ו‎ with Imperfect Exodus 27:20 (P) Joshua 4:16; Imperative 1:9; 1 Samuel 18:22.

c. accusative of person, accusative of thing omitted, Exodus 18:23 (E) Genesis 49:33 (P) +; object given after לֵאמֹר‎ 26:11; 32:15, 20; Leviticus 6:2 +; וַיּאֹמֶר‎ etc., Genesis 28:1; 49:29 +.

d. accusative of thing, accusative of person omitted, ׳צ בריתוֺ לעולם‎ Psalm 111:9; צ ׳אֲשֶׁר ׳י הַדָּבָר וֶה‎, Exodus 16:16, 32; 35:4; Leviticus 8:5; 9:6; 17:2; Numbers 30:2; 36:6 (P); object clause, Leviticus 8:34 (P), 13:54 (P); Genesis 42:25 (E), 1 Kings 5:20; Judges 4:6.

e. absolute Genesis 50:16 (E), Lamentations 3:37.

3 charge, command, accusative of person in phrase צ ׳כַּאֲשֶׁר‎ Exodus 23:15 (E) Genesis 7:9 (P) +; צ אשׁר ׳ככל‎ 7:5 (J) Exodus 29:35 (P) +; צ ׳כאשׁר ׳י משֶׁה‎ 12:28, 50; 39:1, 5 37t. P; צ אשׁר ׳ככל ׳י משׁה‎ 39:32, 42 + 5t. P; צ אשׁר ׳לכל‎ Joshua 1:18; 22:2; Jeremiah 35:8; accusative of person omitted צ ׳כאשׁר‎ Exodus 7:10; Numbers 32:25 (P) +; צ אשׁר ׳ככל‎ 2 Kings 11:9 2 Chronicles 23:8 +; צ אשׁר ׳לכל‎ Exodus 36:1 (P).

4 charge, with command to others, commission,

a. accusative of person +אֶל‎ person (sometimes + accusative of thing) Exodus 6:13; 25:22; Leviticus 27:34 (P) Deuteronomy 1:3; Jeremiah 27:4; Esther 4:10; accusative of person omitted Genesis 50:16 (E) Esther 3:12; 8:9.

b. בְּיַד‎ of agent, + אֶל‎, Numbers 15:23; 36:13 (P); אֶל‎ omitted Leviticus 8:36 (P), Ezra 9:11; Nehemiah 8:14.

c. accusative of person + עַל‎ for אֶל‎ Ezra 8:17; 1 Chronicles 22:13; Malachi 3:22; Esther 4:5.

d. with accusative of thing, ׳וצ לְ כִּרְכָתִי‎ Leviticus 25:21 (P) and I will command my blessing to you, with אִתְּךָ‎ Deuteronomy 28:8, compare Psalm 133:3; ׳צ חסדוֺ‎ 42:9, בֹּקֶר‎ Job 38:12, חֶרֶב נָחָשׁ,‎ Amos 9:3-4,.

5 command, appoint, ordain, of divine act: in creation Isaiah 45:12; Psalm 33:9; 148:5, providence 2 Samuel 17:4; Amos 6:11; 9:9; Job 37:12; Psalm 78:23; Isaiah 34:16, redemption Psalm 7:7; 44:5; 68:29; 71:3; so of idol Isaiah 48:5 ("" עשׂה‎).

Pu`al Perfect3masculine singular צֻוָּה‎ Numbers 3:16; 36:2; 2masculine singular צֻוֵּיתָה‎ Genesis 45:19, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יְצֻוֶּה‎ Exodus 34:34; — be commanded, i.e. receive command, subject person, Genesis 45:19 (E), with בְּ‎ by whom Numbers 36:2 (P); צ ׳אשׁר‎ Exodus 34:34 (P), צ ׳כִּיכֵֿן‎ Leviticus 8:35; 10:13 (P), צ ׳כאשׁר‎ Numbers 3:16 (P) Ezekiel 12:7; 24:18; 37:7.