H1571. gam

גַּם‎₇₆₈ adverb denoting addition, also, moreover, yea (Moabite id., also Zinjirli (Lzb²⁵⁰ Cooke¹⁶⁶); probably akin to √ ; compare (accusative) in a mass, altogether) —

1 also, moreover, emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following, as Genesis 3:6 לְאִישָׁהּ גַּם וַתִּתֵּן‎ and gave also to her husband, Genesis 3:27 and take also of the tree of life, 7:3; 19:21; 24:19; 26:21; 29:27; 30:15; 32:21 (֗֗֗ הִגֵּה גַּם‎: so Esther 7:9) Genesis 48:11; Exodus 8:28; 12:32b Deuteronomy 1:37; 1 Samuel 28:20; 2 Samuel 11:12; 2 Kings 9:27; Isaiah 7:13 +. Often before pronouns, Genesis 4:4 הוּא גַם הֵבִיא וְהֶבֶל‎ and Abel, he also brought, 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא‎ (so only here) and she herself also, 20:6; 27:31 הוּא גַּם וַיַּעַשׂ‎, 30:8; Deuteronomy 3:20; Judges 3:31; 6:35; 9:19; 1 Samuel 19:20-24 Jeremiah 12:6; 48:26 etc. (compare MI⁶ הא גם ויאמר‎): especially in Genealogies of J (Bu^{Urg. 220}) Genesis 4:22, 26; 10:21; 19:38; 22:20, 24 compare Judges 8:31. גַּם‎ followed by pronoun also begins a sentence with emphasis in an elevated style, thou (they) also, Isaiah 14:10; Jeremiah 12:6 (twice in verse); 48:7; Ezekiel 16:52; Nahum 3:11 (twice in verse). After a pronoun in an oblique case (Ges^{§ 135}, 2) Genesis 27:34; 1 Samuel 19:23; 2 Samuel 17:5; Jeremiah 25:14; 27:7 +. וְגַם‎ and also (more often than גַּם‎ alone attaching a sentence) Genesis 6:4; 14:16; 15:14; 17:16; 20:12; 24:14, 46; 30:6; 37:7; 38:24; 42:28; Exodus 2:19; 3:9; 4:14; Joshua 7:11 (5 t.) 1 Samuel 4:17; 1 Kings 21:19 + often; with a negative = neither Exodus 5:2; 34:3 and elsewhere — גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם‎ (like et ... et) both ... and Genesis 44:16; 47:3, 19; Numbers 18:3; Jeremiah 51:12; Psalm 49:3 +: גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם‎ Genesis 24:25; Judges 8:22; Ecclesiastes 9:6: with a negative neither ... nor Numbers 23:25; 1 Samuel 20:27; 1 Kings 3:26, and (3t.) Genesis 43:8; Exodus 4:10; 1 Samuel 28:6. So (but seldom) גַּםוְ֗֗֗גַם‎ Genesis 24:44; Exodus 10:25f.; 1 Samuel 2:26; 12:14; 26:25: with negative 21:9. — N.B. In poetry independence and emphasis is sometimes given by גַּם‎ to a new idea, where in English we should be satisfied with and: Psalm 107:5; 137:1; Job 24:19; Cant 7:14; Lamentations 4:15.

2 with stress on a particular word, even, Exodus 4:9; Numbers 22:33 אוֺתְךָ גַּם‎ even thee I had slain, and kept her alive, 2 Samuel 17:10; Jeremiah 2:33; Psalm 132:12; Proverbs 14:13 even in laughter the heart is sorrowful, 14:20; 17:28; 20:11; Ruth 2:15; Nehemiah 3:35; and so often after כִּי‎, Deuteronomy 12:31 for even their sons they burn in the fire to their gods, 1 Samuel 22:17; Isaiah 26:12; Jeremiah 6:11; 12:6; 14:5; Hosea 9:12 לָהֶם כִּיגַֿםאֿוֺי‎ for even woe is it to them when I depart from them; הֲגַם‎ Genesis 16:13; 1 Samuel 10:11-12, = 19:24; 1 Kings 17:20; Psalm 78:20; Job 41:1; Esther 7:8. Other cases: — 1 Samuel 24:12 רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה‎ see, yea see ! (but Hup^{Qu. Job vi.} רָאֹה גַּם‎: compare below) Psalm 118:11; Job 2:10 נְקַבֵּל אֶתהַֿטּוֺב גַּם‎ shall we receive good (emphatic) from God and not evil ? 21:7; interposed once between a substantive and adjective Genesis 20:4 Gentemne etiam justam interficies? emphasizing כֹּל‎, Deuteronomy 28:61; Judges 9:49b 1 Samuel 22:7 לְכֻלְּכֶם גַּםֿ‎ to all (emphatic) of you will he give ...? 2 Samuel 19:31 יִקָּ֑ח אֶתהַֿכֹּל גַּם‎ yea, the whole let him take! Isaiah 26:12; אֶחָד‎ 2 Samuel 17:12b and we will not leave ֗֗֗ אֶחָד גַּם‎ even one (similarly 17:13 b), Psalm 14:3 (= 53:4) אֶחָד גַּם אֵין‎; an infinitive or cognate accusative attached to a verb, Genesis 31:15; 46:4; Numbers 11:15; 16:13; 1 Samuel 1:6. שְׁנֵיהֶם גַּם‎ literally even both i.e. the one as well as the other (German alle beide) is said idiomatically, Genesis 27:45 (שְׁנֵיכֶם‎), Deuteronomy 22:22; 23:19; 1 Samuel 25:43 (שְׁתֵּיהֶן‎), Proverbs 17:15; 20:10, 12; Ruth 1:5.

3 introducing a climax, yea, especially in a rhetorical style, Genesis 27:33; Deuteronomy 23:3; 23:4; Judges 5:4 (twice in verse); Isaiah 13:3; 14:8; 43:13 yea, from to-day I am the same, 44:12 רָעֵב גַּם‎ yea, he is hungry, and has no strength, 47:3; 48:8 (3 t. in verse); 57:7; Jeremiah 46:16; 48:2; 51:44; Hosea 7:9; Psalm 41:10; 84:7; 139:12; Isaiah 66:8 אֶתבָּֿנֶיהָ צִיּוֺן גַּםיָָֽֿלְדָה, כִּיחָֿ֫לָה‎, Jeremiah 5:28; 12:2; Ezekiel 24:5; Job 21:7; Song of Solomon 8:1: emphasizing an extreme, or aggravated, case, yea, even, Isaiah 49:15 yea, these may forgot, Jeremiah 8:17 yea, the stork knoweth, etc., Isaiah 23:12 שָׁם גַּם‎ even there no rest shall be for thee (so Psalm 139:10), Isaiah 49:25; 57:6; Jeremiah 23:11b; Malachi 3:15; Psalm 84:4.

4 expressing correspondence, especially in the matter of retribution (the גַּם‎ correlativum), so frequently אָנֹכִי גַּם אֲנִי, גַּם‎ I also (on my part): — Genesis 20:6 I also [as well as thyself] know that thou hast done this innocently, Joshua 24:18; Judges 2:21; 1 Samuel 1:28 (compare Dr) 28:22 אַתָּה גַּם‎ thou also (as I have done 28:21), 2 Samuel 12:13 ׳י‎ also [responding to thy confession] hath removed thy sin, 2 Kings 2:3, 5; Isaiah 31:2; 66:3-4 (גם ֗֗֗ גם‎, emphasizing the action of both parties), Jeremiah 2:36; 4:12 now will I also [in correspondence with their deeds] speak judgments with them, 7:11; 51:49 (גם ֗֗֗ גם‎), Ezekiel 5:8, 11; 16:43 (וְגַם‎ = therefore also), 23:35; Hosea 4:6 because thou hast forgotten the direction of thy God, I also (on my part) will forget thy children, Psalm 52:7 (thou lovest evil, etc.) יִתָּצְךָ אֵל גַּם‎ God also (on his part) will pluck thee up, 71:22; 133:1; Proverbs 1:26; Job 7:11; 12:3; 16:4; so וְגַם‎ Judges 2:3; Amos 4:6-7, Micah 6:13; Malachi 2:9. In the apodosis (uncommon): Genesis 13:16 if a man could number the dust of the earth, יִמָּנֶה זַרְעֲךָ גַּם‎ thy seed also should be numbered, Jeremiah 31:36-37, 33:21, 26; Zechariah 8:6. The correspondence is sometimes of the nature of a climax: Genesis 27:33; 30:8 I have wrestled, יָכֹלְתִּי גַּם‎ (compare 1 Kings 22:22 תּוּכָ֔ל וְגַם‎, Jeremiah 50:24), Isaiah 66:8.

5 connecting two ideas which express (or imply) a contradiction, גַּם‎ acquires sometimes an adversative force (compare אַף‎ 1 end), yet, but, though: Psalm 95:9 they tried me, but also (Che) saw my work (namely of judgment), 129:2; Jeremiah 6:15 = 8:12; Ezekiel 20:23; Ecclesiastes 4:8, 16; 5:18; Nehemiah 6:1. So וְגַם‎ Ezekiel 16:28; 20:15; Ecclesiastes 3:13; 6:7; Nehemiah 5:8.

6 כִּי גַּם‎ (with imperfect) yea, when Lamentations 3:8, even when Proverbs 22:6; yea though (stating an imagined case) Isaiah 1:15; Hosea 8:10; 9:16; Psalm 23:4 (so אִם גַּם‎ Ecclesiastes 8:17); also (is it) that Ruth 2:21 (see כִּי‎ 1d). גַם כִּי‎ = for even (see above 2); = though even, although (conceding a fact) Ecclesiastes 4:14 (see De) 8:12.