H3789. kathab

כָּתַב‎₂₂₃ verb write (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician כתב‎; Aramaic כְּתַב‎, Nabataean כתב‎, see especially Nö in Eut^{Nab. p. 43}; thence Arabic Ethiopic book, Di^{Lex. 852} (as loan-words, Frä²⁴⁹ DHM^{VOJ i (1887), 29}); MV Buhl compare Arabic draw or sew together, conjoin (letters), etc., compare Fl^{ZMG 1873, 427}) —

Qal Perfect ׳כ‎ Joshua 8:32 +, כָּתַבְתָּ‎ Jeremiah 36:6 +, suffix וּכְתַבְתָּם‎ consecutive Deuteronomy 6:9; 11:20, etc. (Perfect 27 t.); Imperfect יִכְתֹּב‎ Isaiah 44:5, וַיִּכְתֹּב‎ Exodus 24:4 +, etc. (Imperfect 39 t.); Imperative כְּתֹב‎ Isaiah 8:1 5t., כְּתָבֿ‎ Exodus 34:27 2t.; suffix כָּתְבָהּ‎ Isaiah 30:8, כָּתְבֵם‎ Proverbs 3:3; 7:3; plural כִּתְבוּ‎ Deuteronomy 31:9 3t .; Infinitive absolute כָּתוֺכ‎ Jeremiah 32:44; cstr כְּתוֺב‎ Psalm 87:8, לִכְתֹּב‎ Deuteronomy 31:24; Joshua 18:8; suffix כָּתְבוֺ‎ Jeremiah 45:1; Participle active כֹּתֵב‎ 36:18, plural כֹּתְבִים‎ 32:12; Nehemiah 10:1; passive (113 t.), כָּתוּב‎ Joshua 1:8 +, feminine כְּתוּבָה‎ 2 Samuel 1:18 +, plural כְּתוּבִים‎ 1 Kings 15:7 +, כְּתֻבִים‎ 11:41 +; feminine plural כְּתוּבוֺת‎2 Chronicles 34:24; —

1 write:

a. with accusative, words Exodus 34:27, commandments 24:12, etc.; accusative of congnate meaning with verb מכתב‎ 39:30, compare כַּמִּכְתָּב‎ Deuteronomy 10:4; with כְּ‎, giving purport of writing, also Esther 8:8; but object also a book, סֵפֶר‎ Exodus 32:32; Deuteronomy 24:1; מְגִלָּה‎ Jeremiah 38:6, compare participle pass, וְאָחוֺר מָּנִים כְּתוּבָה וְהִיא‎ Ezekiel 2:10 ( of מגלה‎; i.e. written on both sides); a letter, סֵפָר‎ 2 Samuel 11:14; 2 Kings 10:1 4t., אִגֶּרֶת‎2 Chronicles 30:1; a divorce-certificate כְּרִיתֻת סֵפֶר‎ Deuteronomy 24:1, etc.; even כְּתֻבִים לֻחֹת‎ tablets inscribed by the finger of God Exodus 31:18 compare Deuteronomy 9:10; ׳ל ׳כ עֶבְרֵיהֶם מִשְּׁנֵי‎ Exodus 32:15 tables inscribed on both sides (compare Ezekiel 2:10 above) Here belongs (probably) לי יָדוֺ יִכְתֹּב ׳וְזֶה‎ Isaiah 44:5 and this one shall inscribe his hand, 'Yahweh's', so ᵐ5‎ Hi Kn Che Br Du Di, Ges Ew De, shall sign (with) his hand unto ׳י‎.

b. more often write something on, or in (עַלֿ‎85t., בְ‎44t., אֶלֿ‎3t.) a tablet, roll, book, etc. (object various, as above): — (I) ׳כ עַלֿ‎ followed by סֵפֶר‎ = book Deuteronomy 17:18 55t., especially in phrase וגו דברי עלסֿפר ׳כתובים‎ 1 Kings 11:41 + often Kings Chronicles; ׳כ עַלמְֿגִּלָּה‎ Jeremiah 36:2; 36:28; 36:32; Jeremiah 38:29; ׳כ עַללֿוּח(ותׅ‎ Exodus 34:1 7t., עַלאֶֿבֶן‎ Deuteronomy 27:3 2t., עַלגּֿלָּיוֺן‎ Isaiah 8:1; בַּיִת עַלמְֿזֻזוֺת‎ Deuteronomy 6:9; 11:20; עַלמַֿטֶּה‎ on a rod Numbers 17:17; Numbers 17:18; עַלעֵֿץ‎ Ezekiel 37:16 (twice in verse), עַלצִֿיץ‎ (high priest's plate) Exodus 39:30; even (only Chronicles) עַלֿ‎ followed by name of book or its contents: — ׳כ נָתָן עַלדִּֿבְרֵי‎2 Chronicles 9:29; compare 33:19; וגו ׳עַלמִֿדְרַשׁ‎24:27; עַלהַֿקִּינוֺת‎35:25; figurative, ׳כ עַללִֿבָּם‎ Jeremiah 31:83 I will write them upon their heart; compare ׳כ לִבֶּ֑ךָ עַללֿוּחַ‎ Proverbs 3:3. (2) ׳כ אֶלֿ‎ appears for ׳כ עַלֿ‎ only Jeremiah 36:2 compare Ezekiel 2:10; Jeremiah 51:60. (3) ׳כ בְּ‎ followed by ספר‎ = book Joshua 24:26 (E) + 35 t.; = letter, bill, deed, 1 Kings 21:9 5t.; עָלָ֑י כָּתוּב סֵפֶר בִּמְגִלַּת‎ Psalm 40:8 it is prescribed to me, על‎ as 2 Kings 22:13 (N.B. ׳כ עלֿ‎ not used with סֵפֶר‎ = letter, and ׳כ בְּ‎ not used with אבן לוּחַ,‎ or עֵץ‎).

c. other uses of perp. with ׳כ‎ are: — בְּ‎ instrumental, ׳כ אֱנוֺשׁ בְּחֶרֶט‎ Isaiah 8:1, ׳כ בַּרְזֶל בְּעֵט‎ Jeremiah 17:1; אֱלֹהִים בְּאֶצְבַּע כְּתֻבִים‎ Deuteronomy 9:10; Exodus 31:18; ׳כ אֶלֿ‎ unto, of person to whom letter, etc., is addressed 2 Samuel 11:14; 2 Kings 10:6; Esther 9:13; עַלֿ‎ substantive for אֶלֿ‎ (late) 2 Chronicles 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esther 8:8; the fuller construction is ׳כ (אֶלֿׅ וישׁלח ספר‎ 2 Kings 10:1; Esther 8:10; 9:20 +; ׳כ אֶלֿ‎ write down for the benefit or use of some one, Judges 8:14; לְ‎ to or for, Deuteronomy 17:18; 24:1 +; note especially תּוֺרָתִי רֻבֵּו֯ אֶכְתָּו֯בלֿוֺ‎ Hosea 8:12, i.e. either, I write (keep writing) for them ever so many (We, רֹב‎, compare Ew and most רִבּוֺ(אׅ‎ a myriad) of my directions, or 'Though I write,' 'Were I to write,' etc.; ׳כ‎ followed by ל‎ with infinitive of purpose 2 Chronicles 32:17; Esther 8:5; with מִן‎ in phrase ׳כ פ ׳מִמִּי‎ write from the mouth of any one i.e. from dictation, Jeremiah 36:2, 32; 38:6, 17, 27; 45:1.

2 = write down describe in writing, ׳כ אֶתהָֿאָרֶץ‎ Judges 18:4, 6, 8 (3 t. in verse); 18:9.

3 = register enroll Isaiah 10:19 (= record the number), 1 Chronicles 24:6; especially passive הַכְּתוּבִים‎ Numbers 11:26 those enrolled compare Nehemiah 12:22; ׳הַכּ בְּשֵׁמוֺת‎ 1 Chronicles 4:41 those recorded by name; in prediction, עֲרִירִי הַזֶּה ׳כ אֶתהָֿאִישׁ‎ Jeremiah 22:30 register this man as childless; with eschatological reference, לַחַיִּים כָּלהַֿכָּתוּב‎ Isaiah 4:3 all those enrolled (i.e. appointed) unto life; and, more explicitly, בַּסֵּפֶר כָּתוּב כָּלהַֿנִּמְצָא‎ Daniel 12:1; ׳י עַמִּים בִּכְתוֺבּ יִסְמֹּר‎ Psalm 87:6 ׳י‎ shall reckon, when he registers (note absence of suffix) the peoples, etc.

4 = decree, מְרֹרוֺת עָלַי תִּכְתֹּב‎ Job 13:26 thou (׳י‎) decrest against me bitter things.

Niph`al (chiefly late, especially Esther), Imperfect יִכָּתֵב‎ Esther 1:19 +, 3 feminine singular זֹאת תִּכָּ֫תֶב‎ Psalm 102:19; 3masculine plural יִכָּתֵ֑בוּ‎ Jeremiah 17:13 3t., יִכָּֽתְבוּן‎ Job 19:23; Participle נִכְתָּב‎ Esther 3:12 2t.; —

1 be written, subject words Job 19:23, book Malachi 3:16; be written בְּסֵפֶר‎ Esther 2:23; 9:23, in, or among ב‎ the laws 1:19; once, with יִכָּתֵ֑בוּ כֻּלָּם עַלסִֿפְרְךָ עַלֿ,‎ Psalm 139:16 in thy ׳י‎'s book all of them (my members) are written, i.e. written down, recorded (see below); absolute הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּשֵׁם נִכְתָּב אֲשֶׁר כְּתָב‎ Esther 8:8 a writing which is written in the king's name, compare (impersonal) 3:12; impersonal also צִוָּה כְּכָלאֲֿשֶׁר וַיִּכָּתֵב‎ 3:12; 8:9; ׳יִכָּ‎ followed by לְ‎ = for Psalm 102:19; followed by לְ‎ + infinitive (really = a subject-cl., — the contents of the letter) Esther 3:9; 8:5.

2 be written down, recorded, Ezra 8:34; enrolled, יִכָּתֵ֑בוּ לֹא ישׂראל בית בִּכְתָב‎ Ezekiel 13:9 in the enrolement of the house of Israel they are not enrolled (eschatolog.); אַליִֿכָּתֵ֑בוּ וְעִםצַֿדִּיקִים‎ Psalm 69:29 ("" מִסֵּפֶר יִמָּחוּ חַיִּים‎) — יִכָּתֵ֑בוּ בָּאָרֶץ‎ Jeremiah 17:13 is difficult; Gie reads, plausibly, יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ מֵאֶרֶץ‎ (compare Psalm 34:17; 101:8, etc.)

Pi`el frequently, Perfect and Participle, only עָמָל כִּתֵּ֑בוּוּמְכַתְּבִים‎ Isaiah 10:1 and busy writers that make a business of writing oppression (i.e. register unjust sentences, compare Qal 4; "" חִקֲקֵיאָֿוֶן הַחֹקֲקִים‎).

כְּתַב‎ verb write (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect3masculine singular ׳כ‎ Daniel 6:26 ל‎ person + oratio recta [direct speech], 7:1 accusative of thing; 3 masculine plural כְּתַ֫בוּ‎ Ezra 4:8 accusative אִגְּרָה‎; 1 plural נִכְתּוּב‎ 5:10, accusative of thing; Participle active absolute feminine singular כָּֽתְבָה‎ Daniel 5:5, subject יְדָא‎, feminine plural כָּֽתְבָן‎ 5:5, subject אֶצְבְּעָן‎.

Pe`il (W^{CG 224}) Perfect3masculine singular תִּיב כְּ כִּדְנָה‎Ezra 5:7 thus (it) was written, so כ ׳כֵּן‎ 6:2.