H2403. chatta

'ah חַטָּאת‎ noun feminine^{1 Samuel 14:38} (Genesis 4:7 no exception for רֹבֵץ‎ is noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering, ׳ח‎ 4:7 124t.; לְחַטָּ֯ת‎ Numbers 15:24 (text error for. לחטאת‎), לְחַטַּאת‎ Zechariah 13:1 (but read לְחַטָּאת‎ Sta^{ZAW i. 35}); construct חַטַּאת‎ Exodus 30:10 19t.; suffix חַטָּאתִי‎ Genesis 31:36 16t.; חַטָּאתֹיו֯‎ 1 Kings 16:26, חַטַּאתְכֶם‎ Exodus 32:30 3t.; etc., + 52 t. suffix; plural חַטָּאוֺת‎ 2 Kings 12:17 3t.; construct חַטּאֹות‎ Psalm 25:7 17t.; חַטּאֹת‎ Numbers 5:6 6t.; suffix חַטּאֹותָ֑י‎ Psalm 25:18; חַטּאֹתָו֯‎ Ezekiel 18:21; 33:16, etc., + 40 t. suffix; —

1 sin:

a. against man Genesis 31:36; 50:17 (E), Numbers 12:11 (J) 1 Samuel 20:1; ׳ח אדם‎ sins against man Numbers 5:6 (P). Elsewhere

b. against God Leviticus 4:14, 23, 28 (P), 1 Samuel 2:17; 14:38; 1 Kings 16:13 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 21:16; 21:17; 2 Chronicles 33:19; Isaiah 3:9; 30:1; 58:1; 59:2; 59:12; 16:10; Isaiah 16:18; 30:14; 30:15; Isaiah 50:20; Lamentations 4:6, 22; Ezekiel 16:51; 18:14; 21:29; 33:10, 16; Amos 5:12 (We ^{Kl. Proph.} reads חטאיכם‎), as Isaiah 1:18 — see חֵטא‎ — on accusative of masculine עצומים‎), Micah 1:13; 3:8; Psalm 32:5; 51:5; 59:4; Proverbs 5:22; 13:6; 14:34; 21:4; 24:9; Job 13:23; Job 14:23; Daniel 9:20 (twice in verse); ׳ח נעורי‎ sins of my youth Psalm 25:7; ח בטני ׳פרי נפשׁי‎ Micah 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of myself; sin of divination 1 Samuel 15:23; of the mouth Psalm 59:13; ׳ח יאכלו עמי‎ Hosea 4:8 the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, compare We; ᵑ7‎ Hi Or and others sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early prophets, and "" עָוֺן‎ against it, see We^{Prol. 3. 76}); רבץ חטאת לפתח‎ Genesis 4:7 (J) at the door (of Cain) sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf Deuteronomy 9:21; and the high places of Beath Aven Hosea 10:8; with בְּ‎ on the ground of sin Nehemiah 9:37; for sin Micah 1:5; 2 Kings 24:3; Isaiah 40:2; Jeremiah 15:13; 17:3; Ezekiel 16:52; with or by sin 1 Kings 14:22; 16:2; Isaiah 43:24; בח ׳הלך‎ walk in sin 1 Kings 15:3, 26, 34; 16:19, 26, 31; 2 Kings 17:22; בח ׳דבק‎ cleave unto sin 3:3; with עַל‎ on account of sin Deuteronomy 9:18; 1 Kings 15:30; 16:19; Micah 6:13; for sin Leviticus 4:3, 28, 35; 5:6, 13 (P) 19:22; 26:18, 24, 28 (H); ח על ׳יסף‎ add unto sin 1 Samuel 12:19; 2 Chronicles 28:13; Isaiah 30:1; Job 34:37; with כְּ‎ according to sin Leviticus 26:21; with לְ‎ to or for sin 16:16, 21; Deuteronomy 19:15; 1 Kings 12:30; 13:34; Proverbs 10:16; Zechariah 13:1; with מִן‎ because of sin Leviticus 4:26; 5:6, 10; 16:34 (P), 19:22 (H), Lamentations 4:13; more than sin Job 35:3; מֵחַטָּאתִי טָהַרְתִּי‎ I am clean from my sin Proverbs 20:9; ח ׳מגני‎ because of sin Psalm 38:4; ח ׳בגלל‎ because of sin 1 Kings 14:16; ח ׳אחר הלך‎ walk after sin 2 Kings 13:2.

c. men should return from sin מִן שׁוּב‎ 1 Kings 8:35 2 Chronicles 6:26; Ezekiel 18:21; 33:14; depart from it מֵעַל סוּר‎ 2 Kings 10:31; 15:18; מן סוּר‎ 13:6, 11; 14:24; 15:9, 24, 28; be concerned about מן דאג‎ Psalm 38:19; confess ח ׳הִתְוַדָּה‎ Numbers 5:7 (P); ה על ׳התודה‎ Nehemiah 1:6; 9:2.

d. God deals with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it (על‎) פקד‎ Exodus 32:34 (JE) Hosea 8:13; 9:9; Jeremiah 14:10; inquires after it ל דרשׁ‎ Job 10:6; watches over it על שׁמר‎ 14:16; hoards it up Hosea 13:12; -2by forgiveness: ה ׳נשׂא‎ Exodus 10:17; 32:32 (JE), 1 Samuel 15:25; ח עון ׳נשׂא‎ Psalm 32:5; לח ׳נשׂא‎ Joshua 24:19 (E), Psalm 25:18; pardon לח ׳סלח‎ Exodus 34:9 (JE) 1 Kings 8:34, 36; 2 Chronicles 6:25, 27; 7:14; Jeremiah 36:3; removal הסר‎ Isaiah 27:9; העביר‎ 2 Samuel 12:13; casting into the depths of the sea Micah 7:19; -3by covering over, making atonement for תְּכֻמָּ֑ר חַטָּֽאתְךָ‎ Isaiah 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over; actively, ח עַל ׳כמּר‎ Psalm 79:9; ח ׳כסּה‎ 85:3 (compare חֲטָאָה כְּסוּי‎ 32:1); ח ׳לְהָתֵם‎ (Qr) make an end of sins Daniel 9:24; -4by blotting out ח ׳מחה‎ Isaiah 44:22; Jeremiah 18:23; Psalm 109:14; Nehemiah 3:37; cleanse from sin מח ׳טַהֲרֵנִי‎ 51:4; לח ׳מקוֺר‎ a fountain for sin Zechariah 13:1; -5by not remembering it ח זכר ׳לא‎ Isaiah 43:25; ׳לח זכר לא‎ Jeremiah 31:34; אֶלחַֿטָאתוֺ אַלתֵּֿפֶן‎ Deuteronomy 9:27 look not unto his sin.

e. atonement may be secured for, ח בעד ׳כמּר‎ Exodus 32:30 (J E; Moses, by his intercession).

f. according to P (H) the priest is to make atonement for a person (על כמּר‎) by sin-offering or trespass-offering; ׳מח‎ because of sin Leviticus 4:26; 5:6, 10; 16:34; ח ׳על‎ 4:35; 5:13 (all P), 19:22 (H; see We^{compare, 59} = JBTh xxii, 427), so that the man is clean from sin מח ׳טהר‎ 16:30.

2 condition of sin, guilt of sin Genesis 18:20; Numbers 16:26; 32:23 (J), Ezekiel 3:20; 18:24, מִוְבְּחוֺתֵיכֶם וּלְקַרְנוֺת ׳ח לִבָּם עַללֿוּחַ חֲרוּשָׁה יְהוּדָה‎ the sin (guilt) of Judah is graven upon the table of their hear, and upon the horns of your altars Jeremiah 17:1.

3 punishment for sin: ח תִּהְיֶה ׳זֹאת וח ׳מִצְרָ֑יִם כָלהַֿגּוֺיִם‎ Zechariah 14:19 this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).

4 sin-offering: one of the kinds of offerings of P, Leviticus 7:37; first in the history 2 Kings 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where חטּאת‎ of money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chronicles: 2 Chronicles 29:21, 23, 24 Hezekiah had made a ׳ח‎ of 7 עִזִּים צְפִירֵי‎ at purification of temple; Ezra 8:35; 12׳ח צְפִירֵי‎ were offered; Nehemiah 10:34 ׳ח‎ "" עולות‎; — in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ezekiel and P. — On Hosea 4:8 see

1 above In H, Leviticus 23:19 a עזים שׂעיר‎, for feast of weeks. In Ezekiel ׳ח‎ in General "" other sacrifices, Ezekiel 40:39; 45:17, 25; 46:20; and priests eat them 42:13; 44:29. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a עזים שׂעיר‎ was to be offered 43:19, 21, 22, 25. On first day of first month a young bullock was to offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood put on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court an on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (ᵐ5‎ first day of seventh month) 45:17, 19 (compare 45:18; 45:20). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a עזים שׂעיר‎ 45:22-23,. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleaning he was to offer his sin-offering 44:27. P gives several grades:

a. a ruler should offer a he-goat Leviticus 4:24-25, Numbers 7:16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 76, 82, 87; an ordinary person a she-goat Leviticus 4:29 (compare 4:28) 5:6; Numbers 15:27, ewe lamb Leviticus 4:32-33, (twice in verse); 4:34; 14:19; Numbers 6:14, 16, a turtle dove or young pigeon Leviticus 5:7-8, 9 (twice in verse); 12:6, 8; 14:22, 31; 15:15, 30; Numbers 6:11, or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour Leviticus 5:11 (twice in verse); 5:12; according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (compare 4:22, 35) and a handful of the flour (compare 5:12) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place 5:13; 6:10; 6:18 (twice in verse); 6:23 (compare 6:11; 6:19), 7:7; 10:16-17, 19 (twice in verse); 14:13; Numbers 18:9.

b. a bullock was offered for priests Exodus 29:14, 36; Leviticus 4:3, 8, 20; 8:2, 14 (twice in verse); 9:2, 7, 8, 10; for Levites at their installation Numbers 8:8, 12 and for whole congregation Leviticus 4:14, 21; but usually offering for congregation was he-goat Numbers 15:24-25, especially at dedication of altar Leviticus 9:3, 15, 22. and in ritual of feasts Numbers 28:15, 22, 30; 29:5, 11, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 38. Before consecration of the tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering (Leviticus 9:9), but subsequently some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fast pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp (4:3-21; 6:23; 8:16-17, 9:10-11,).

c. on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock Leviticus 16:3, 6; and for congregation two he-goats, one לַעֲזָאזֵל‎ (see עזאזל‎) 16:5 (compare 16:8; 16:10; 16:20; 16:22), the other for sacrifice ליהוה‎ 16:9 (compare 16:8). Some of the blood of Aaron's bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the כפרת‎ and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat 16:11 (twice in verse); 16:15 (compare 16:12-14; 16:16; 16:17) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in a and b and so sin was covered over at the three altars Exodus 30:10 (compare Leviticus 16:16-19). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp 16:25, 27 (twice in verse). (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed בשׁגגה‎ 4:2, 22, 27; Numbers 15:27, לשׁגגה‎ 15:24, minor offences Leviticus 5:1-6; and ceremonial uncleanness 12:6, 8; 14:13; 15:15; Numbers 6:11, 14.) — Pharses for sacrificing are: ח ׳עשׂה‎ Leviticus 9:7, 22; 14:19; Numbers 6:16; Ezekiel 45:17, ח ׳הקריב‎ Leviticus 10:19; Ezekiel 44:27, ח ׳שׁחט‎ Leviticus 14:13; Ezekiel 40:39.

5 purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P: ׳מֵ ׳ח‎ Numbers 8:7 water of purification from sin; ח נִדָּה ׳מֵי הוּא‎ water of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin 19:9; הח שְׂרֵפַת ׳עֲפַר‎ 19:17 ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (RV renders sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).

חַטָּיָא‎ noun feminine sin-offering (Biblical Hebrew חַטָּאת‎

4; Nabataean חטיאת‎ penalty, according to SAC⁵¹); — absolute ׳ת‎ Ezra 6:17 Kt, Qr הַטָּאָה‎.